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目前,我国炼鉄生产所用燃料有:焦炭、白煤(无烟煤)半焦、木炭、有烟煤(不结焦的有烟煤)五种。当前,许多地方缺乏炼焦煤或焦炭生产,供应紧张,因而,不能满足各地需要。半焦只有在从烟煤中提炼石油的工业大发展的情况下才有可能较大量的供应(目前许多地方用烟煤单纯的炼半焦是不经济的)。使用木炭或烟煤直接炼铁对今后大量生产也都是不经济的。而无烟煤的贮量多,分布广,特别是北京地区附近缺少炼焦煤资源,不可能全部使用焦炭炼铁,而无烟煤的贮量却很多。京西门头沟矿区是北京地区白煤的主要产地,但许多地方使用门煤冶炼,大部未出鉄或出鉄不顺利。这次在十三陵鉄厂的冶炼试验,成功地解决了这个问题。试验结果证明,全部使用京西无烟煤炼鉄是完全可以作到的,并能生产出优质的灰口鉄。试验期间炉况非常顺利。在试验的第四天负荷巳至1.0,开炉后第五天日产灰口鉄830公斤,利用系数达到1.2,产量仍有可能继续提高。 (一) 试验炉及设备情况利用京西门头沟无烟煤进行冶炼试验是从1958年12月开始的。试验是在1M~3的土高炉内进行(右图)。鼓风动力为一座10瓩的电动机,驱动一台鉄制的离心式鼓风机,风机的工作总压力为380—410mm水柱,风量约每分钟11M~3。
At present, the fuel used in the refining and refining production in our country includes: coke, white coal (anthracite) semi-coke, charcoal, and bituminous coal (non-coking coal). At present, the lack of coking coal or coke production in many places is in short supply and therefore can not meet the needs of various places. Semi-coke is only likely to be supplied in large quantities if the industrial extraction of oil from bituminous coal is a big development (at present, it is uneconomical to use pure bituminous coke to cook bituminous coal in many places). Direct use of charcoal or bituminous coal for mass production in the future are also uneconomical. The reserves of anthracite and more widely distributed, especially in Beijing near the lack of coking coal resources, it is impossible to use all of the coke ironmaking, anthracite and a lot of reserves. Mentougou mining area in Beijing is the main producing area of white coal in Beijing, but in many places, door coal smelting is used, most of which are not discharged or are not discharged smoothly. This smelting test in the Ming Tombs 鉄 plant successfully solved this problem. Test results show that all the use of West Beijing anthracite refining is entirely possible and can produce high-quality gray mouth 鉄. During the test furnace condition is very smooth. On the fourth day of the experiment, the load had been reduced to 1.0. On the fifth day after opening, the ash output was 830 kg. The utilization factor reached 1.2 and the output was still likely to continue to increase. (A) Test Furnace and Equipment The use of Jingtou Mentougou anthracite smelting test was started in December 1958. The test was carried out in a 1M ~ 3 earth blast furnace (right). The blower power is a 10瓩 motor, driving a centrifugal blower system. The total working pressure of the blower is 380-410mm water column, and the air volume is about 11M ~ 3 per minute.