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本文的主要目的是评介记忆社会学的主要研究论题。目前主流的观点认为个体记忆的社会维度体现为群体决定了个体回忆什么及如何回忆。在界定了个体记忆与集体记忆的关系后,集体记忆的三大特征——多元性、竞争性和变迁性得到了充分地讨论。对于历史与集体记忆这一议题,有的学者试图将两者对立起来,而另一些人则力图模糊两者的边界。总之,记忆社会学近年来获得了长足的发展,并逐步确立其自身在社会学学科领域中的地位。然而,在笔者看来,该领域研究仍存在三方面缺陷:具有社会决定论倾向、缺乏比较视野及资料来源过于单一。
The main purpose of this article is to review the main research topics in memory sociology. At present, the mainstream view holds that the social dimension of individual memory manifests as the group decides what and how an individual recalls. After defining the relationship between individual memory and collective memory, the three major characteristics of collective memory - diversity, competitiveness and change have been fully discussed. For the issue of history and collective memory, some scholars have tried to oppose the two while others try to blur the boundary between the two. In short, the sociology of memory has made great strides in recent years and gradually established its position in the field of sociology. However, in my view, there are still three defects in this field of study: the tendency of social determinism, the lack of a comparative field of vision and the overly single source of information.