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尽管老子出身史官,尽管庄子讲的历史故事洋洋大观,从三代圣贤,春秋君臣,孔门师弟,以及各种或著诸史乘或不见经传的隐者、凡人甚至暴君、小人,远超过先秦其它家派的论述,但道家对中国史学的贡献,很少为人称道。不像儒家,不但《春秋》著作权往往归属圣人,司马迁更把自己的史公事业同继承孔子的精神传统联系起来,而对道家同史学的联系,则甚少置喙。①然而,在哲学领域,儒道争雄,几乎旗鼓相当。章太炎就在史学上推崇儒家,强调“孔氏之教,本以历史为宗”;②而在哲学上则心仪道家,甚至
Although Lao Tzu was born in a historical officialdom, Chuang Tzu’s historical story was magnificent. From three generations of sages, Chun-chun monarchs, Confucian teachers, and hermits of unknown or unknown origin, even mortals and villains far outnumber the other Scholarly discourse, but Taoist contributions to Chinese historiography are rarely praised. Unlike Confucianism, not only does “Spring and Autumn” copyrights often belong to saints, Sima Qian also linked his career in history with the spiritual tradition of succession to Confucius, and there is very little to behold about the links between Taoism and history. However, in the philosophical field, Confucianism and Taoism compete almost equally well. Zhang Taiyan praised Confucianism historically, stressing that “the teaching of Confucianism is based on history”; ② while philosophically,