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螺旋式榨油机在我国得到普遍应用。榨螺轴是关键部件。榨螺磨损失效分析有助于选材及提高榨螺寿命,但还缺乏系统深入研究。 本文分析了榨油机中油料在榨膛的运动特征及榨螺的受力情况,认为榨膛可以分为三个区,即“进料区”、“预榨区”及“压榨区”。在压榨区,榨膛压力高而且油料变成高紧实度的“不可压缩体”,因此榨螺受到高应力碾研磨损,而且磨损最严重。对榨螺的宏观形貌的观察可资证明。 从压榨区的榨螺上取样进行磨面及磨损表层截面的SEM观察表明;榨螺受到形变磨损、切削磨损、撕裂磨损、疲劳断裂磨损及油液的微区高压冲蚀磨损。切削磨损是造成榨螺失效的主要原因。合金白口铸铁具有整体高硬度及含有大量高硬度碳化物,因此制成榨螺抗磨性比渗碳钢更高。
Spiral oil press is widely used in our country. Compression screw shaft is the key component. The failure analysis of the snail wear can help to select the material and improve the life of the snail. However, there is still a lack of systematic in-depth study. In this paper, the movement characteristics of oil in the press and the stress of the screw press are analyzed. It is concluded that the press chamber can be divided into three zones, namely “feed zone”, “pre-press zone” and “press zone”. In the press zone, the pressure in the press chamber is high and the oil becomes an incompressible body of high compactibility, so the press jackets are subject to high stress milling and have the worst wear. Observation of the macro appearance of the snail can be proved. Sampling from the press area of the snail grinding surface and wear surface section of the SEM observation showed that; Zixi by deformation wear, cutting wear, tear wear, fatigue fracture wear and oil micro-area high pressure erosion wear. Cutting wear and tear is the main reason for the failure caused by the press. Alloy white cast iron with a high overall hardness and contains a large number of high hardness carbide, so made of pressed snail abrasion resistance higher than carburizing steel.