Aim:To investigate the pathological features of the prostate biopsy through mass screening for prostate cancer in aChinese cohort and their association with serum prostate specific antigen (PSA).Methods:A total of 12 027 Chinesemen in Changchun were screened for prostate cancer by means of the serum total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) test (byElisa assay).Transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic six-sextant biopsies were performed on those whose serum tPSAvalue was >4.0 ng/mL and those who had obstructive symptoms (despite their tPSA value) and were subject to subse-quent pathological analysis with the aid of the statistic software SPSS 10.0 (SPSS.Inc.,Chicago.USA).Results:Of the12 027 cases,158 (including 137 patients whose serum tPSA values were >4.0 ng/mL and 21 patients [serum tPSA <4.0 ng/mL] who had obstructive symptoms) undertook prostate biopsy.Of the 158 biopsies,41 cases of prostatic carci-noma were found (25.9 %,41/158).The moderately differentiated carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma ac-counted for 61% and 34 %,respectively.A significant linear positive correlation between the serum tPSA and the Gleasonscores in the 41 cases of prostatic carcinoma (r=0.312,P<0.01) was established.A significant linear positive correlationbetween the serum tPSA value of the 41 prostatic carcinoma and the positive counts of carcinoma in sextant biopsies wasestablished (r=0.406,P<0.01),indicating a significant linear relationship between serum tPSA and the size of tumor.Condusion:This study was the first to conduct mass screening for prostate cancer by testing for serum tPSA values andthe first to investigate the pathological features of prostate cancer in a cohort of Chinese men.Our results reveal that themoderately differentiated carcinoma is the most common type of prostate cancer.This study also has shown that theserum tPSA value in prostate cancer is associated with the Gleason score and the size of tumor. Aim: To investigate the pathological features of the prostate biopsy through mass screening for prostate cancer in a Chinese cohort and their association with serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). Methods: A total of 12 027 Chinesemen in Changchun were screened for prostate cancer by means of the serum total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) test (by Elisa assay). Transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic six-sextant biopsies were performed on these whose serum tPSA value was> 4.0 ng / mL and those who had obstructive symptoms (despite their tPSA value) and were subject to subsequence pathological analysis with the aid of the statistic software SPSS 10.0 (SPSS. Inc., Chicago, USA). Results: Of the 12 027 cases, 158 (including 137 patients whose serum tPSA values ​​were> 4.0 ng / mL and 21 patients [serum tPSA <4.0 ng / mL] who had obstructive symptoms) undertook prostate biopsy. Of the 158 biopsies, 41 cases of prostatic carci-noma were found (25.9%, 41 of 158) d Significant linear positive correlation between the serum tPSA and the Gleasons cores in the 41 cases of prostatic carcinoma (r = 0.312, P <0.01) was established. A significant linear relationship between positive males the serum tPSA value of the 41 prostatic carcinoma and the positive counts of carcinoma in sextant biopsies wasestablished (r = 0.406, P <0.01), indicating a significant linear relationship between serum tPSA and the size of tumor. Confusion: This study was the first to conduct mass screening for prostate cancer by testing for serum tPSA values ​​and the first to investigate the pathological features of prostate cancer in a cohort of Chinese men. Our results reveal that theyoderately differentiated carcinoma is the most common type of prostate cancer. This study also has shown that the serum tPSA value in prostate cancer is associated with the Gleason score and the size of tumor.