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以郑州潮土肥力与肥料效益长期试验为基础,分析了长期有机-无机肥料配施23年的土壤肥力演变特征,特别是土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和速效钾的演变,阐明有机肥与秸秆的施用对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,单施化肥条件下土壤肥力缓慢提升,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾每年分别上升0.17、0.01、0.01、1.27 mg·kg-1;与单施化肥相比,长期有机-无机肥料配合施用下,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和速效钾含量提升速率较快,其中常量有机肥下每年分别提升0.35、0.02、0.01和5.01 mg·kg-1,且除了全磷之外,有机肥的效果整体略优于秸秆还田的0.23、0.02、0.02和4.88 mg·kg-1。综上所述,增施有机肥及秸秆还田对于提升土壤肥力及实现农业可持续发展具有深远意义。
Based on the long-term experiment of soil nutrient and fertilizer benefit in Zhengzhou, the evolution characteristics of soil fertility, especially the changes of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available potassium, were analyzed after 23 years of application of long-term organic-inorganic fertilizers. Effect of straw application on soil fertility. The results showed that soil fertility increased slowly under single application of chemical fertilizers, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available potassium increased by 0.17, 0.01, 0.01 and 1.27 mg · kg-1, respectively. Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizers, With the application of inorganic fertilizers, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available potassium increased rapidly with constant organic manure increased by 0.35, 0.02, 0.01 and 5.01 mg · kg-1, respectively, with the exception of total phosphorus , The overall effect of organic fertilizer is slightly better than that of straw returning 0.23, 0.02, 0.02 and 4.88 mg · kg-1. In summary, the application of organic manure and straw to restore soil fertility and achieve sustainable development of agriculture has far-reaching significance.