面对资本主义的全面称霸及其政治产物,左派以各种不同的方式作出了回应。实际上,今天的全球资本主义自身包含着一些阻止它无限再生产的对抗,这些对抗形式有四种:一是生态学的;二是种族隔离、新的“柏林墙”和贫民窟的新形式;三是反对“知识产权”这种私有财产的不正当性;四是新技术科学特别是生物遗传学发展的社会伦理后果。在这四组对抗中,被包括者和被排斥者之间的对抗是最关键的,是其他对抗的参照点;离开了这一点,一切对抗都失去了其颠覆性的锋芒,我们也得不到真正的普遍性,只剩下康德意义上的“私人”关系。 Faced with the all-encompassing capitalism and its political products, the left responded in various ways. In fact, today’s global capitalism itself contains a number of counter-measures to stop its endless reproduction. There are four forms of such confrontations: one is ecology; the other is new forms of apartheid, the new Berlin Wall and slums Third, it opposes the illegitimate nature of private property such as intellectual property. Fourth, it is the social and ethical consequences of the development of new technological sciences, especially biogenetics. In these four groups of confrontations, the confrontation between those who were included and the excluded was the most crucial and the reference point for the other confrontations. After leaving this point, all confrontations have lost their disruptive edge and we have neither To the true universality, there is only the “private” relationship in Kant’s sense.