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目的探讨张家口市宣化区某老年公寓离退休老年人主观幸福感(subjective well-being,SWB)现状及其影响因素。方法 2013年2月采用系统抽样的方法选择某老年公寓≥60岁的老年人532名作为调查对象,以匿名自填式问卷为调查工具,共发放问卷532份,回收有效问卷473份,有效应答率为88.9%。问卷内容主要包括社会人口学、经济学与行为学、医学与心理学3个方面,全程进行质量控制。分析老年人SWB现状及影响因素。计量资料采用t检验,多因素分析采用多元逐步回归分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 473名调查对象中男占70.6%,女占29.4%;60~70岁占52.9%,≥70岁占47.1%;离退休前是工人的占77.2%;离退休后休闲在家的占84.1%;与老伴居住的占84.8%;个人月收入1 000~2 000元的占64.5%;住房面积为50~70 m2的占59.6%;医疗费用负担为医疗保险的占79.1%;从来不吸烟的占52.4%;从来不饮酒的占46.5%;健康状况良好的占76.1%;有慢性疾病的占55.2%;生活完全自理的占70.4%;外向型性格的占57.1%;对生活较满意的占61.3%。SWB总分为(75.90±7.02)分,常模总分(122.43±24.23)分,各维度及总分与常模比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。SWB影响因素多元逐步回归分析结果:性别、收入水平、离退休后社会活动、生活自理情况、性格特征、居住情况等不同的老年人SWB总分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论该老年公寓离退休老年人受许多因素的影响,总体SWB不乐观。
Objective To explore the status of subjective well-being (SWB) and its influential factors in retired seniors in an elderly apartment in Xuanhua District of Zhangjiakou City. Methods In February 2013, a total of 532 seniors aged ≥60 years were selected as the survey subjects by means of systematic sampling method. Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were used as survey tools. A total of 532 questionnaires were sent out, and 473 effective questionnaires were collected, effective response The rate was 88.9%. The content of the questionnaire mainly includes three aspects of social demography, economics and behavior science, medicine and psychology, and the whole process of quality control. Analysis of the current status of SWB and its influencing factors. Measurement data using t test, multivariate analysis using multiple stepwise regression analysis, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results 473 surveyed men accounted for 70.6%, women accounted for 29.4%; 60-70 years old accounted for 52.9%, ≥ 70 years accounted for 47.1%; workers before retirement accounted for 77.2%; after retirement at home accounted for 84.1% ; Living with his wife accounted for 84.8%; individual monthly income of 1 000 ~ 2 000 yuan accounted for 64.5%; housing area of 50 ~ 70 m2 accounted for 59.6%; medical expenses for medical insurance accounted for 79.1%; never smoking Accounting for 52.4%; never drinking 46.5%; good health 76.1%; chronic diseases 55.2%; life is completely self-care 70.4%; outward-oriented personality 57.1%; more satisfied with life accounted for 61.3%. The total score of SWB was (75.90 ± 7.02) points and the norm of common mode was (122.43 ± 24.23) points, the differences of all dimensions and total score were statistically significant (all P <0.05). Results of multiple stepwise regression analysis of SWB influencing factors: gender, income level, social activities after retirement, living self-care situation, personality characteristics, living conditions and other different elderly SWB total score differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The retired seniors in this senior apartment are affected by many factors and the overall SWB is not optimistic.