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目的:探讨不同正畸矫治阶段唾液多肽组学的差异。方法:纵向观察不同矫治阶段(初戴矫治器2个月、矫治18个月)的正畸患者共30例，在两个时间点分别收集其总唾液，利用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF MS)结合弱阳离子磁珠进行检测分析，并利用数据库和软件进行蛋白预测。结果:MALDI-TOF质谱分析结果平均检测到了130个有意义的多肽谱峰，两组比较结果显示不同矫治阶段患者的唾液多肽组分存在明显差异，统计分析发现两组共有7个多肽峰其峰值的差异具有统计学意义，其中有5个谱峰在18个月组的峰值强度高于2个月组，另外2个谱峰在18个月组的峰值强度低于2个月组；此外本研究预测2022.1Da为C3补体，2863Da为载脂蛋白A1。结论:本研究提示正畸矫治及牙齿移动的过程中唾液多肽组分存在着变化和差异，相关生物学标记物可能发挥重要作用，可能与正畸过程中的机械力作用产生的牙槽骨改建、牙根吸收等有关，提出了基于唾液检测的精准医疗探索正畸矫治及牙齿移动相关的生物标记物的新思路。“,”Objective:This study aimed to investigate the differences of salivary peptidomics in different orthodontic stages.Methods:A total of 30 orthodontic patients at different stages of orthodontic treatment (initial 2 months during orthodontic treatment and 18 months during orthodontic treatment) were observed longitudinally. Their total saliva was collected at two time points.Results:The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique (MALDI-TOF MS) was utilized and we detected a total of 130 meaningful peptides spectrum peaks. Besides, the comparison of two groups showed that the saliva polypeptide composition of different stages of orthodontic treatment existed obvious difference. And statistical analysis found that a total of seven peptides peaks showed statistically significant differences, of which the intensity of five peaks at 18 months group were higher than 2 months and the other two with opposite tendency. In addition, this study successfully predicted that the peak of 2022.1Da was C3 complement and 2863Da was apolipoprotein A1.Conclusions:This study suggested that saliva polypeptide composition changed during orthodontic treatment and tooth movement process. And biological markers, which could be related with alveolar bone reconstruction, root absorption and so on, might play an important role. Our study also provided new idea of exploring related biomarkers for orthodontic treatment and tooth movement basing on the salivary precision medicine.