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1.引言尽管已发现有上千种的材料(元素、合金化合物)在极低温下具有超导电性,但是,到目前为止已实用了的只有少数几种材料。人们通常将超导材料分成两大类:合金和化合物。实用超导合金以Nb-Ti为主;化合物有Nb_3Sn和V_3Ga。从近期来看,工程上广泛使用的是Nb-Ti,约占总产量的90%。Nb-Ti合金的生产工艺已相当成熟,年生产能力世界上已达百余吨。具有工程规模的大型超导装置,大多采用Nb-Ti合金。这是由于与Nb_3Sn相比它具有良好的加工性能,成本偏低等优越性所决定的。但是,由于化合物超导材料的内禀特性(T_c,J_c,H_(c_2)等)远高于Nb-Ti,其发展潜力很大,随着工
1. Introduction Although thousands of materials (elements, alloying compounds) have been found to have superconducting properties at very low temperatures, only a few materials have so far been practically used. People usually superconducting materials into two categories: alloys and compounds. Practical superconducting alloys Nb-Ti-based; compound Nb_3Sn and V_3Ga. In the near term, Nb-Ti is widely used in engineering, accounting for about 90% of the total output. Nb-Ti alloy production technology has been quite mature, the annual production capacity of the world has reached 100 tons. With large-scale engineering superconducting devices, mostly using Nb-Ti alloy. This is due to its Nb_3Sn compared with its good processing performance, low cost and other advantages of the decision. However, since the intrinsic properties (T_c, J_c, H_ (c_2), etc.) of compound superconducting materials are much higher than that of Nb-Ti, their potential for development is very high.