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在较长的时期里,卢卡奇与现象学的关系没有得到学术界应有的重视。卢卡奇在转向马克思主义之前已经受到现象学的熏陶,其《历史与阶级意识》的写作也在一定程度上得益于现象学观念的激发。《历史与阶级意识》不仅援用了现象学的术语及其表述形式,而且拥有一些明确可鉴别的现象学主题。卢卡奇对意识问题的重视、对意识形式和结构的分析、对物化意识的批判特别是对阶级意识与主体建构之间关系的阐释都明显借鉴了现象学的方法。只有承认并合理评估卢卡奇思想中的现象学维度,我们才能更准确把握卢卡奇的激进历史观和主客体同一的总体性视野。
For a long period of time, Lukacs’ relationship with phenomenology has not been given the academic attention it deserves. Lukacs has been influenced by phenomenology before turning to Marxism. His writing of “History and Class Consciousness” has also benefited to some extent from the concept of phenomenology. “History and class consciousness” not only cites phenomenological terms and expressions, but also has some clearly identifiable phenomenological themes. Lukacs’s emphasis on the issue of consciousness, the analysis of the form and structure of consciousness, the critique of materialized consciousness, especially the interpretation of the relationship between class consciousness and the subject construction, clearly draw on phenomenological methods. Only by recognizing and rationally evaluating the phenomenological dimension of Lukacs ’thought can we grasp Lukacs’ radical historical view and the same general vision of both subject and object.