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一、商品的价值量与物化劳动的关系 (一)价值的本质 马克思说“作为价值,一切商品都只是定量的凝固的劳动时间。”更抽象地说,价值就是劳动。这就是价值的质。劳动,本质上具有社会性。在商品生产的条件下,这种社会性是通过价值来体现的。价值关系“只是人们自己的一定的社会关系”。换句话说,也就是人们用价值“把他们的私人劳动当作等同的人类劳动来互相发生关系”。因此,说价值的本质是劳动,也就是说价值本质上是劳动者交换劳动的社会关系。但是,在商品社会里,“劳动的那些社会规定借以实现的生产者的关系,取得了劳动产品的社会关系的形式。”由于有些人不能透过物的关系看到人的关系,对物产生了崇拜,马克思则认为这就是商品拜物教的根源。物化劳动创造价值的观点,其根源也在这里。
I. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE VALUE AMOUNT OF GOODS AND THE MATERIALIZATION Labor (1) The Essence of Value Marx said that “as a matter of value, all commodities are only quantitative fixed working hours.” More abstractly, value is labor. This is the quality of value. Labor is inherently social. Under the conditions of the production of goods, this sociality is manifested by value. Value relationship “is only a certain degree of social relations of people.” In other words, people use the value of “their private labor as equivalent human labor to each other.” Therefore, to say that the essence of value is labor, that is to say, the value is essentially the social relations in which laborers exchange their labor. In the commodity society, however, “the social relations of the labor product by which the social provisions of labor are realized take the form of social relations of the labor product.” Since some people can not see human relations through material relations, Worship, Marx believes that this is the source of commodity fetishism. The origin of materialized labor to create value, its roots are here.