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人民调解制度发源于传统的民间调解,兼具内发性和外生性。从宪政的视角考察人民调解在农村遭遇的困境,很重要的原因是村民自治未能在农村真正实现,导致了转型期农村社会的复杂状态,没有给人民调解在农村的生存和发展提供良好的制度环境。尽快实现村民自治,完善基层民主机制,保障村民的基本权利和自由,可以促进人民调解的发展;人民调解的广泛实施,能够为农村提供合理有效的纠纷解决机制,有助于形成和谐的村庄秩序,构建公平的社会结构,推动村民自治的实现。二者在农村宪政建设的进程中相互促进,共同发展。
People’s mediation system originated from the traditional civil mediation, both internal and exogenous. Examining the plight of people’s mediation in rural areas from a constitutional perspective is very important because villager autonomy failed to be truly realized in rural areas and led to the complicated state of rural society in the transitional period and did not provide people with good mediation in the survival and development of rural areas environment system. As soon as possible to achieve the autonomy of villagers, improve the grass-roots democratic mechanisms to protect the basic rights and freedom of villagers, can promote the development of people’s mediation; extensive implementation of people’s mediation, rural areas can provide a reasonable and effective dispute resolution mechanism to help form a harmonious village order Build a fair social structure and promote the realization of villager autonomy. Both of them promote each other and develop together in the process of rural constitutional construction.