为了推进内燃机车故障诊断技术的实用化，本文建议研制使用式和地面综合式检测与诊断设备或仪器，以便将机车必要参数的先期检查和故障确认有机地结合起来。为了确认故障，必须建立表征机车状态的各种标准判据，本文建议应用数理统计学方法建立典型机车有关参数随其走行公里或时间变化的准则方程式，以作为实车状态多数变化的比较依据。 In order to promote the practical application of diesel locomotive fault diagnosis technology, this paper proposes to develop integrated and ground-based testing and diagnostic equipment or instruments to organically combine the preliminary inspection of locomotive necessary parameters and fault recognition. In order to confirm the fault, various criteria to characterize locomotive condition must be established. In this paper, it is suggested that mathematical formula should be used to establish the criteria formula of the typical locomotive parameters or the time variation.