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尤金·奈达的“功能对等”理论要求翻译时不求文字表面的死板对应,而要在两种语言间达成功能上的对等。翻译是用最恰当、自然和对等的语言从语义到文体再现源语的信息。《繁星》和《春水》是我国现代著名女作家冰心创作的两部诗集,美籍汉学家约翰·凯利与鲍贵思对这两部诗集的进行了英译,处处体现出功能对等的内涵。两种语言代表两种完全不同的文化,文化可能有类似的因素,但不可能完全相同。如果意义和文化不能同时兼顾,译者只有舍弃形式对等,通过在译文中改变原文的形式再现原文语义和文化。
Eugene Nida’s Theory of Functional Equivalence requires that the translation be made without a rigid correspondence of the surface of the text, and functional equivalence must be achieved between the two languages. Translation is the reproduction of the source language from semantics to style in the most appropriate, natural, and equivalent language. “Starry Night” and “Spring Water” are two collections of poems created by Bing Xin, a famous modern Chinese female writer. American sinologists John Kelly and Bao Guisi translated English poems into two sets, which embodies the connotation of functional equivalence. Two languages represent two completely different cultures, cultures may have similar elements, but not exactly the same. If meaning and culture can not be balanced at the same time, the translator only discards the formal equivalence and reproduces the original semantics and culture by changing the original text in the translation.