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无籽西瓜是由四倍体西瓜与二倍体西瓜杂交而成的。由于三倍体西瓜不能正常的进行减数分裂和受精作用,因而种子败育,西瓜无籽,含糖量高,品质好,商品价值高。但是,三倍体西瓜制种过程复杂,种子价格高,同时种子瘦小,发芽率不稳定,种苗前期生长缓慢;这些问题限制了三倍体西瓜的发展。近十几年来,利用组织培养技术在兰花等园艺植物上已进行工厂化育苗(罗士书,1978)。但对无籽西瓜的离体繁殖,去年才有报道,Barnas等(1979)报道了利用组织培养来加速西瓜幼苗的繁殖。他用二倍体西瓜为材料获得成功,并认为这种方法可以用在无籽西瓜的繁殖上。在国内许志宏等(1979)报道了用组织培养法繁殖无籽西瓜,得到了试管苗。
Seedless watermelon is a mixture of tetraploid watermelons and diploid watermelons. As the triploid watermelon can not be normal meiosis and fertilization, thus abortion seed, watermelon seedless, high sugar content, good quality, high value of the commodity. However, the triploid watermelon seed production process is complicated, the price of seeds is high, and the seed is lean, the germination rate is unstable, and the seedling growth is slow at the early stage. These problems limit the development of triploid watermelon. In the past ten years, industrial cultivation has been carried out on tissue culture plants such as orchids using tissue culture techniques (Luo Shi Shu, 1978). However, the in vitro propagation of seedless watermelon was not reported until last year, and Barnas et al. (1979) reported the use of tissue culture to accelerate the growth of watermelon seedlings. He succeeded in using diploid watermelon as a material and considered this method to be used for seedless watermelon breeding. In the domestic Xu Zhihong (1979) reported the propagation of seedless watermelon tissue culture, obtained in vitro seedlings.