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疫苗接种是预防、控制乃至消灭传染病的有效手段。随着我国经济实力及政府对人民健康重视程度的不断提升,可以预见将会有更多的疫苗被纳入到国家免疫规划中。将何种疫苗纳入国家免疫规划是一项重大的系统工程,科学地选择疫苗品种有助于提高我国卫生资源的配置效率。本文从国外疫苗纳入决策程序及其影响因素等相关研究进行了分析总结,以期为我国选择免疫规划疫苗品种,以及企业进行疫苗研发和生产等相关决策提供参考。结果表明,疾病负担、疫苗有效性、疫苗安全性、疫苗经济性等12个因素是影响一种疫苗能否纳入我国免疫规划的因素。下一步应着重评估各影响因素的权重,进一步完善我国疫苗品种评估方法。
Vaccination is an effective way to prevent, control and even eliminate infectious diseases. As China’s economic strength and government’s emphasis on people’s health continue to increase, it is foreseeable that more vaccines will be included in the national immunization program. It is an important systematic project to integrate the vaccine into the national immunization program. Selecting the vaccine species scientifically will help to improve the allocation efficiency of China’s health resources. This paper summarizes the relevant research on the foreign vaccine incorporation decision-making process and its influencing factors in order to provide reference for China’s selection of immunization vaccine varieties and the related decision-making of vaccine development and production. The results showed that 12 factors, such as the burden of disease, the effectiveness of the vaccine, the safety of the vaccine and the economy of the vaccine, are the factors influencing whether a vaccine can be included in the immunization program in our country. The next step should focus on assessing the weight of the various influencing factors to further improve China’s vaccine species assessment methods.