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理性人标准是英美刑事司法实践中法官用以判断行为人行为时的心理状态是否合理,从而确定辩护事由是否成立的标准。其适用方法是:将理性人置于行为人行为时的具体情境下,如果理性人也会产生行为人那样的心理状态,辩护理由就成立;反之,则不成立。理性人不是一个具体的人,而是一种法律上拟制的人。拟制的理性人应当以普通人为基础兼吸收行为人的部分个人特征。确定应当吸收行为人哪些个人特征应以“漠视法益理论”为指导,即考察该个人特征是否影响到行为人对法益侵害的避免。理性人标准与我国刑法中判断预见能力有无的类型人标准在构成和功能上无实质性差异,理性人的拟制方法对类型人的构建具有借鉴意义。
The standard of rational man is the standard that the judges judge whether the state of mind when the behavior of the perpetrator is reasonable in the practice of criminal justice between Britain and the United States to determine whether the defense cause is established. The applicable method is: Under the concrete situation when the rational person is placed in the behavior of the perpetrator, if the rational person also produces the psychological state of the perpetrator, the defense reason is established; on the contrary, it is not valid. A rational person is not a specific person, but a person who is lawfully prepared. The proposed rational person should be based on ordinary people and absorb some of the personal characteristics of the perpetrator. Determine which individual characteristics should be absorbed by the perpetrator should be “indifference to the interests and interests of the theory ” as a guide, that is, to examine whether the personal characteristics affect the avoidance of perpetrators of violations of law. Rational standards and China’s criminal law to determine whether the type of foreseeable abilities of people in the composition and function of no substantive differences, the rational person’s proposed method for the type of human construction has reference.