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朱子与张栻“仁说”异同乃一聚讼纷纭之论题,在吸收时贤高论基础上,我们就此论题提出以下意见:其一,朱子、南轩各自作有《仁说》,彼此内容有同有异,易于混淆。其二,张栻始终坚持五峰的“心之道”说,朱子在己丑年间亦采用该说,壬辰前后采用“性之德”说,癸巳后完全确定为“心之德”说,此为朱子心性思想演变的必然反映。其三,朱子“仁说”包含《仁说》与《克斋记》,《克斋记》时间晚于《仁说》、内容优于《仁说》;“天地生物之心”与“天地以生物为心”不能作为判定朱、张“仁说”、朱子《仁说》与《克斋记》异同高下的根据,无论来源、内容还是使用,此二说皆无高低进退之分,差别仅在于表述之强调与平易、运用之特殊与普遍。其四,仁之名义与工夫是朱、张“仁说”的关切点,双方对此各有侧重而相互取益,张栻在名义剖析上受朱子影响,朱子则在为仁工夫上受张栻影响?手臁⒄拧叭仕怠辈⑽蕖笆じ骸敝郑驮谇写?砥砺中仍坚持了各自的学术立场,为儒家仁学的发展作出了各自贡献。
The differences and similarities between Zhu Zi and Zhang Huan and Ren Tien differ from each other. On the basis of virtues of absorption, we put forward the following opinions on the subject: First, Zhu Zi and Nan Xuan each made “benevolence” Similar to each other’s content, easy to confuse. Second, Zhang Jian always adhered to the Wufeng’s “heart of the road,” saying that Zhu also adopted the principle in his own time, saying that “the moral Germany ”said that this is a necessary reflection of the evolution of Zhu Xin’s mind. Thirdly, Zhu Zi’s “Ren Shuo” contains Ren Ren and Ke Shi Ji, while Ke Zhai Ji later than Ren Ren, which is superior to Ren Ren. “And” heaven and earth as the heart of the world “can not be used as a basis for judging the similarities and differences between Zhu and Zhang,” Ren-shu “, Zhu’s” Ren-shu “and” Khai-vegetarian “regardless of source, content or use There is no difference between the level of advance and retreat, the difference lies only in the expression of emphasis and easy, the use of special and universal. Fourthly, the name and time of benevolence are the concerns of Zhu and Zhang’s ”benevolence". Both sides have each focused on each other’s benefit. Zhang Xun is influenced by Zhu in the analysis of his name. In the course of his studies, Zhang Yong still insisted on his own academic position and made his own contribution to the development of Confucianism and benevolence.