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目的探讨γ射线和微波复合照射对造血系统的损伤特点及规律,为进一步研究其损伤机制提供理论和实验基础。方法216只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为对照组、γ射线照射组(5·5Gy,简称射线组)、微波照射组(50mW/cm2,简称微波组)及γ射线与微波复合照射组(5·5Gy+50mW/cm2,简称复合组)。60Coγ射线(剂量率为91·1cGy/min)全身一次性照射后立即进行微波全身辐照(S波段,平均功率密度为50mW/cm2)5min。分别于照射后6h及1、3、7、14、28、90、180天活杀取材,观察胸骨骨髓组织学变化,并采股静脉血行常规检测,同时对复合照射后6h及第1、3、7天的胸骨骨髓进行超微结构观察。结果组织学观察发现无论γ射线还是复合照射均可导致骨髓组织经历典型的凋亡坏死、空虚、再生修复及恢复4个阶段的病理改变,但复合组的病变重于射线组,恢复也更为迟缓。外周血象检查发现小鼠经γ射线及复合照射后白细胞、红细胞、血小板数和血红蛋白含量均呈进行性下降,于照射后期逐渐恢复,但复合组比射线组下降更明显,恢复也更缓慢。超微结构观察发现复合照射后骨髓造血细胞出现明显的变性、凋亡及坏死等改变,以照射后6h最明显。结论一定剂量的γ射线和一定强度的微波复合照射可严重损伤小鼠造血系统,表现为骨髓组织发生明显的形态学改变和功能障碍,其损伤效应主要以γ射线为主,微波在一定程度上加重了γ射线的损伤。
Objective To investigate the characteristics and rules of hematopoietic system injury induced by γ-ray and microwave irradiation, and to provide theoretical and experimental basis for further study of its damage mechanism. Methods Totally 216 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, γ-ray irradiation group (5.5 Gy), microwave irradiation group (50 mW / cm2) and γ-ray irradiation combined microwave irradiation group 5Gy + 50mW / cm2, referred to as the composite group). Whole-body irradiation of the whole body (S band, average power density 50 mW / cm2) for 5 min was performed immediately after systemic irradiation with 60Co γ ray (dose rate 91 · 1 cGy / min). 6h and 1,3,7,14,28,90 and 180 days after irradiation respectively. The histopathological changes of sternal bone marrow were observed, and the femoral vein blood was routinely tested. At 6h and 1, 3 , 7 days of sternal bone marrow ultrastructure observation. Results Histological observation showed that both γ-ray irradiation and composite irradiation led to the histopathological changes of bone marrow in typical 4 stages of apoptosis, emptiness, regenerative repair and recovery. However, the lesions in the combined group were more severe than those in the radiotherapy group, slow. Peripheral blood examination showed that the content of white blood cells, erythrocytes, platelets and hemoglobin decreased progressively in the mice irradiated by γ-rays and compound radiation, and gradually recovered in the later period of irradiation. However, the composite group decreased more obviously and recovered more slowly than the radiation group. Ultrastructural observation found that bone marrow hematopoietic cells showed obvious degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis after irradiation, which was the most obvious at 6h after irradiation. Conclusion A certain dose of γ-rays and a certain intensity of microwave irradiation can seriously damage the hematopoietic system in mice, showing obvious morphological changes and dysfunction in bone marrow. The main damage effect is γ-ray. Microwave, to a certain extent, Increased gamma ray damage.