目的　探讨脑干梗死的临床表现、相关的危险因素及误诊原因。方法　选择有CT和MRI检查资料的 5 8例病例 ,对其病因、临床表现、危险因素进行综合分析。结果　脑干梗死的危险因素除高血压、糖尿病、短暂性脑缺血发作等外 ,与apoA降低可能也有一定的相关性。脑干梗死临床表现复杂 ,误诊率较高 ,误诊原因主要有大脑半球中央支动脉闭塞、脑干网状结构不完全损伤等 ,特别是对突发倦睡的病人应引起高度重视。结论　减少误诊率 ,避免危险因素 ,积极控制基础疾病 ,对预后有一定的积极意义。 Objective To explore the clinical manifestations of brainstem infarction, related risk factors and misdiagnosis reasons. Methods Fifty-eight cases with CT and MRI data were selected and their causes, clinical manifestations and risk factors were analyzed. Results The risk factors for brainstem infarction may be related to the decrease of apoA, besides hypertension, diabetes mellitus and transient ischemic attack. Brainstem infarction complicated clinical manifestations, misdiagnosis rate is high, the main reason for misdiagnosis of the central cerebral artery occlusion of the cerebral hemisphere, brain stem network structure is not completely damaged, especially for patients with sudden drowsiness should be attached great importance. Conclusion Reducing the rate of misdiagnosis, avoiding risk factors and actively controlling underlying diseases have some positive implications for prognosis.