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由第一代实证主义到逻辑实证主义以及历史主义学派的多次转向,科学史与科学哲学最终退隐于后现代主义的思潮之中,随之而来的是科学与技术研究(STS)的兴起。该领域的研究者由于对语言认知的迥异从而对科学存有两种普遍不同的态度———深层科学与浅层科学,继而导致该领域研究方法的多样性,最终造成研究成果带有“相对主义”的色彩。对此,富勒认为借助于修辞学的路径便可以克服科学与技术研究的从事者对科学的不同的认知态度进而使其研究方法具有“规范性”并最终使该领域得到进一步的拓展———社会认识论转向。
From the first generation of positivism to that of logical positivism and historism, the history of science and philosophy of science eventually came back into the postmodernist trend of thought, followed by the rise of science and technology research (STS) . Researchers in this field have two generally different attitudes toward science --- deep science and shallow science because of their different cognition of language, which in turn leads to the diversity of research methods in this field, resulting in the results of “ Relativism ”color. In this regard, Fuller believes that by virtue of the rhetorical approach can overcome the scientific and technological research practitioners of different cognitive attitude to science and thus make its research methods have a “normative” and ultimately make the field be further expanded - Social epistemology shift.