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背景:随着医学模式的转变,健康概念的更新,儿童气质、心理卫生及行为问题成为儿童保健的重要课题,日益受到人们的重视。目的:通过问卷调查了解贵阳市儿童心理、行为问题现状及气质类型分布情况。设计:随机整群抽样,横断面调查。单位:贵阳市妇幼保健研究所。对象:于贵阳市城区33个儿保责任地随机抽取12家单位为调查点,调查期间来做健康检查的l～6岁儿童,排除有严重躯体疾患及智力异常的儿童。方法:采用自制心理卫生调查表、中国1～3岁儿童气质量表、中国3～7岁儿童气质量表、2～3岁儿童行为量表、上海市精神卫生中心标准化的Achenbach’s儿童行为量表分别调查儿童的心理卫生问题、行为问题及气质类型分布,所有问卷均由儿童父母填写,问卷当场收回。于初测后2～4周随机抽取部分受试者重新填写上述问卷,进行重测信度检验。主要观察指标:儿童的心理卫生问题、行为问题及气质类型分布,社会环境因素对气质、行为的影响。结果:①贵阳市儿童气质类型分布中,容易抚育型、抚育困难型、中间近容易抚育型、中间近抚育困难型、发育缓慢型气质分布分别占35.58%,4.21%,39.70%,7.37%,13.14%。②贵阳市儿童心理卫生问题总检出率为94.50%,不同气质类型儿童心理卫生问题检出率分别为98.91%,97.26%,96.19%,94.05%,93.13%(P<0.01)。③行为问题总检出率分别为19.57%,不同气质类型儿童行为问题检出率分别为31.76%,26.69%,22.58%,21.33%,12.72%(P<0.001)。居住条件、父母文化程度、婚姻关系、管教态度、亲子关系、孕期营养、患病情况、照管人等与气质类型及行为问题发生有关,气质与心理行为问题关系密切。结论:贵阳儿童心理卫生问题普遍存在,应予以重视,可通过对相关因素的改造,帮助其重塑良好个性,减少心理行为问题的发生。
Background: With the change of medical model, the updating of health concepts, children’s temperament, mental health and behavioral problems have become important topics in children’s health care and have drawn increasing attention. Objective: To investigate the current situation of children’s psychology, behavior problems and the distribution of temperament types in Guiyang through questionnaires. Design: random cluster sampling, cross-sectional survey. Unit: Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Institute. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve units were randomly selected from 33 babies in guiyang city area for investigation. During the investigation period, children aged 1-6 years old who had undergone the health checkup were excluded from the study, and children with severe physical illness and mental retardation were excluded. Methods: Self-made mental health questionnaire, Chinese children aged 1 to 3 years old, children aged 3 to 7 years old, children aged 2 to 3 years behavior scale, Shanghai mental health center standardized Achenbach’s children’s behavior scale Investigate children’s mental health problems, behavioral problems and temperament type distribution, all the questionnaires were filled out by the children’s parents, the questionnaire was retrieved on the spot. In the early test 2 to 4 weeks after the random selection of some subjects to re-fill the questionnaire for retest reliability test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Children’s mental health problems, behavioral problems and temperament type distribution, social and environmental factors on temperament, behavior. Results: (1) Among the distribution of temperament types in Guiyang, 35.58%, 4.21%, 39.70% and 7.37% were easily tempered, difficult to tending, intermediate easily teased, moderately tending and poorly temperate, 13.14%. ② The total detection rate of mental health problems in children in Guiyang was 94.50%. The detection rates of mental health problems in children with different temperament types were 98.91%, 97.26%, 96.19%, 94.05% and 93.13%, respectively (P <0.01). ③ The total detection rate of behavioral problems was 19.57%, and the detection rates of behavioral problems were 31.76%, 26.69%, 22.58%, 21.33% and 12.72% (P <0.001) in different temperament types. Residency, parental educational level, marital status, parenting status, parent-child relationship, nutrition during pregnancy, prevalence, caretaker, etc. were related to temperament types and behavioral problems. Temperament and psychological behavior were closely related. Conclusion: The mental health problems of children in Guiyang are ubiquitous and should be taken seriously. Through the reform of relevant factors, they can help them remould their good personality and reduce the occurrence of psychological problems.