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糖尿病是具有遗传倾向,病因未明的代谢内分泌疾病,其主要病理生理的改变是由于胰岛素不足所致糖、蛋白质、脂肪、水及电解质代谢紊乱。临床可表现多食、多饮、多尿、善饥消瘦、烦渴、疲乏无力等症侯群。化验室检查:血糖过高、糖尿、葡萄糖耐量减低及胰岛素释放试验异常;严重时由代谢紊乱发展至脂肪分解加速,可并发糖尿病酮症酸中毒,是该病一种严重急性并发症,血清酮体超过正常(0.3～0.2mg/100ml或2毫克分子/升)浓度时称酮血症,由于酮酸积聚而发生代谢性酸中毒称为酮症酸中毒,此时尿糖和尿酮呈强阳性,血pH<7.35,CO_2结合力<30容积％,如病情严重时在临床表现为昏迷则称为糖尿病性昏迷。此症,幼年型和脆性型糖尿病者多见。早期除原有症状加重或仅有感染等并发症常无特殊表现。
Diabetes is a genetic predisposition, the etiology of unknown metabolic endocrine diseases, the main pathophysiological changes due to insulin deficiency caused by sugar, protein, fat, water and electrolyte metabolism disorder. Clinical performance can eat more, drink more, more urine, good hunger wasting, polydipsia, fatigue, weakness embolism group. Laboratory tests: hyperglycemia, diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin release test abnormalities; severe metabolic disorder to the development of accelerated lipolysis can be complicated by diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious acute complication of the disease, serum ketone Body over the normal (0.3 ~ 0.2mg / 100ml or 2 mg / L) concentration of ketosis, said metabolic acidosis due to accumulation of ketones called ketoacidosis, urine and urine ketone was strongly positive , Blood pH <7.35, CO 2 binding capacity <30% by volume, such as diabetic coma in clinical manifestations such as coma when the condition is serious. This disease, juvenile and brittle type of diabetes are more common. In addition to the early symptoms of exacerbations or infections only often no special performance.