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一、引言科学技术是提高产业国际竞争力的重要因素,这种认识在国际上日益提高。随着军民两用的泛用技术的开发与普及,从安全保障的观点来看,科学技术的重要性受到重新认识。特别是美国,在由贸易赤字扩大等引起的对美国产业国际竞争力担心的背景下,正在实施以“恢复强大美国”为目标的科学技术政策。在这些政策中,除了推进政府主导研究开发和奖励民间研究开发,以及促进产、学、官合作的技术商业化等积极地强化科学技术力以外,还加强了对技术外流的限制,这已成为阻碍国际科学技术交流的一个重要因素。
I. INTRODUCTION Science and technology are important factors in enhancing the international competitiveness of industries. Such understanding has been increasingly raised in the world. With the development and popularization of general-purpose technology for military and civilian use, the importance of science and technology has been re-recognized from the point of view of security. In particular, the United States is implementing a science and technology policy aimed at “restoring a strong United States” under the background of concern over the international competitiveness of the U.S. industry caused by the expansion of the trade deficit. Among these policies, in addition to actively promoting government-led research and development and rewarding private research and development, as well as promoting the commercialization of technology through production, learning and government cooperation, they have also strengthened their restrictions on technology outflows. This has become the An important factor that hinders the international exchange of science and technology.