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金属材料与其它物体接触并产生相对运动和摩擦时,在接触应力作用下,金属表面的部分物质便会发生人们所不希望的脱落或转移,这种现象称为金属的磨损。 金属磨损是一种非常有害的现象,它将造成巨大的经济损失和自然资源的浪费。苏联机器制造产品因磨损所造成的损失每年达100～120亿卢布,美国每年因磨损所造成的经济损失估计为1000亿美元,而西德估计为100亿马克。可见,研究金属磨损,提高金属的耐磨性和发展耐磨合金具有何等重要的意义。
Metal materials and other objects in contact with the relative movement and friction, under the contact stress, some of the metal surface material will happen to people off or transfer of people, a phenomenon known as metal wear and tear. Metal wear is a very harmful phenomenon, it will cause huge economic losses and the waste of natural resources. The losses caused by wear and tear of Soviet machine-made products amount to between 10 and 12 billion rubles a year. The economic losses caused by wear and tear in the United States each year are estimated at 100 billion U.S. dollars, while those in West Germany are estimated at 10 billion marks. Visible, the study of metal wear, improve the wear resistance of the metal and the development of wear-resistant alloy has what significance.