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政府应该如何制定政策以塑造本地区的经济竞争优势,是一个被普遍关注但又颇具争议的问题。本文以具体产业为切入点对这一问题进行了探讨。通过对比加利福尼亚州和得克萨斯州的ICT产业,分析了两个州ICT产业产生技术创新差距的原因,探讨了地区间社会经济政策差异对经济竞争优势的影响。本文认为,加利福尼亚州与得克萨斯州不同的教育和医疗保健政策影响了两地ICT产业人才资源,进而造成加利福尼亚州在技术创新上更具优势。这一案例说明,地区间社会经济政策的差异会塑造出不同的经济竞争优势。愿意提供公共物品的政府能够塑造出以持续不断的技术创新为优势的经济,希望尽可能通过市场来供给公共物品的政府能够塑造出以低成本为优势的经济。
How the government should formulate policies to shape the economic competitive advantage of the region is a matter of widespread concern but controversial. In this paper, specific industries as the starting point to discuss this issue. By comparing the ICT industries in California and Texas, this paper analyzes the causes of the technological innovation gap between ICTs in the two states, and explores the impact of regional differences in social and economic policies on economic competitive advantages. This paper argues that different education and health care policies in California and Texas affect ICT talent resources in both countries, which in turn has given California an edge in technological innovation. This case shows that the differences between the socio-economic policies in different regions can create different economic competitive advantages. Governments that are willing to provide public goods can shape an economy that is dominated by continuous technological innovation, and that governments that want to deliver public goods as much as possible through the market can shape an economy that is at a low cost.