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背景老年人健康状况是全社会关注的重要问题,寻找预防老年人日常生活功能状态丧失的方法,是全面提高老年人生活质量的关键。目的观察健康老年人功能丧失的主要特征,分析老年人在正常功能状态下,功能指数变化的影响因素。设计对比观察,Logistic分析。单位上饶师范学院学生工作处。对象对象资料来源于2004-01江西省老年体协对全省11个地级市市区离退休干部、职工共1700人的健康状况抽样问卷调查。方法采用躯体自理量表中穿衣、进食、洗澡、上厕所4项指标进行测试,并设计购物、打电话、乘车、上3楼、步行1000m、手指拿物、屈蹲站立等共11项指标作为评价老年人日常生活功能状态指标。按国际流行的定义方法,对上述指标中的一项或以上完成有困难者,定义为日常生活自理能力丧失。要求被调查者回答以上各项活动独立完成困难程度分,无困难(1分),有些困难(2分),很困难(3分),完全做不到(4分)。将11项指标的得分总和定义为日常生活功能状态指数。指数值反映老年人日常生活功能状态总的状况,指数值越大,日常生活功能状态越差。按性别、年龄分组进行比较,用Logistic回归分析法进行评价分析。主要观察指标健康老人日常生活功能指数、丧失率、日常生活状态独立自理能力各指标的评价。结果①老年人正常功能状态因年龄、性别、体质、婚姻状况居住情况、就业史、经济状况、接受教育程度等不同而有明显差异。②健康老年人生活功能丧失率男性高于女性,退休兼职或反聘者明显高于其他退休者,丧偶者下肢运动功能丧失率高于在婚者,男性文化程度越高,下肢活动功能状态越好,女性文化程度越高功能状态越差。结论老年人正常功能状态丧失率随年龄增长而呈明显的下降趋势,并与各项生活活动的复杂、难易程度有关。老年人正常功能状态与社会支持、经济状况、心理和精神状态有关。
Background The health status of the elderly is an important issue of concern to the whole society. Looking for ways to prevent the loss of functional status of the elderly in daily life is the key to comprehensively improving the quality of life for the elderly. Objective To observe the main features of loss of function in healthy elderly and to analyze the influencing factors of the change of functional index in elderly with normal function. Design comparison observation, Logistic analysis. Unit Shangrao Teachers College student work place. The data of the target subjects were from the 2004-01 Jiangxi Old People’s Volleyball Association questionnaire on the health status of 1700 retired cadres and workers in 11 prefecture-level cities in the province. Methods The body self-care scale was tested in 4 items of clothing, eating, bathing and restroom, and a total of 11 items including shopping, calling, traveling on the 3rd floor, walking 1000m, finger holding and squatting standing Indicators as indicators of the evaluation of functional status of the elderly daily life. According to the international popular definition method, one or more of the above indicators have difficulty to complete, defined as the loss of daily living ability. Asked respondents to answer the above activities independently completed the difficulty of points, no difficulty (1 point), some difficulties (2 points), very difficult (3 points), completely impossible (4 points). The sum of the scores of 11 indicators is defined as daily life function status index. Index value reflects the general status of daily life function status of the elderly, the greater the index value, the worse the daily life function status. By gender, age groups were compared using Logistic regression analysis for evaluation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Indexes of Daily Living Function Index, Loss Rate, and Daily Living Status of Healthy Elderly. Results ① The normal functional status of the elderly was significantly different according to age, sex, physical fitness, marital status, employment history, economic status and education level. ② Loss rate of life function of healthy elderly is higher than that of female, and part-time job or job-holder retirement is significantly higher than those of other retirees. Lost rate of lower extremity motor function of married widows is higher than that of married women. The higher the male’s educational level is, Well, the higher the educational level of women, the worse the functional status. Conclusion The loss of normal functional status of elderly people shows a declining trend with age, and is related to the complexity and difficulty of various activities. The normal functional status of the elderly is related to social support, economic status, psychology and mental status.