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目的探讨婴幼儿缺铁性贫血对患儿生长发育、智能发育及气质的影响,并对婴幼儿缺铁性贫血相关因素进行分析。方法选取2011年1月-2014年1月确诊为缺铁性贫血的128例婴幼儿为缺铁组,另选取社区120例正常婴幼儿为健康组,采用Gesell婴幼儿发育诊断量表及幼儿气质评估表(TTS)对婴幼儿智能发育及气质进行评价,同时测量两组患儿的体重及身长,并对影响婴幼儿缺铁性贫血的相关因素进行分析。结果与健康组相比,缺铁组婴幼儿体重及身长在均值以上的比例较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。缺铁组适应性、大运动、精细运动、语言、个人-社交及平均智能评分显著低于健康组(P<0.05)。缺铁组平易型、启动缓慢型、中间近平易型比例显著低于健康组(P<0.05)。缺铁组难养型、中间近难养型比例显著高于健康组(P<0.05)。经Logistic多因素分析,母乳喂养、添加铁剂及添加鱼肝油是婴幼儿缺铁性贫血的保护因素,而偏食、厌食是危险因素。结论缺血性贫血可影响婴幼儿良好气质性格的形成,影响患儿智能发育及生长发育。增加婴幼儿饮食中铁质的摄取、改善婴幼儿饮食习惯可有效改善婴幼儿缺血性贫血。
Objective To investigate the impact of infantile iron deficiency anemia on the growth, intelligence development and temperament of children, and to analyze the related factors of infantile iron deficiency anemia. Methods 128 cases of infants with iron deficiency anemia diagnosed as iron deficiency anemia from January 2011 to January 2014 were selected as the iron deficiency group. Another 120 normal infants in the community were selected as the healthy group. The Gesell infant development diagnostic scale and infant temperament The evaluation table (TTS) was used to evaluate the intelligence development and temperament of infants and young children. At the same time, the body weight and body length of the two groups were measured, and the related factors affecting the infantile iron deficiency anemia were analyzed. Results Compared with healthy group, the body weight and height of infants in the iron-deficient group were higher than the mean value, with significant difference (P <0.05). Adaptability of iron deficiency group, large exercise, fine motor, language, personal-social and average intelligence score were significantly lower than those in healthy group (P <0.05). Iron deficiency group Ping Yi type, slow start type, the ratio of middle and near flat was significantly lower than the healthy group (P <0.05). Iron-deficient group was difficult to maintain type, the proportion of nearly intermediate hard-bearing type was significantly higher than that of healthy group (P <0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that breastfeeding, adding iron and adding cod-liver oil were the protective factors of infantile iron deficiency anemia, while partial eclipse and anorexia were risk factors. Conclusion Ischemic anemia can affect the formation of good temperament and personality of infants and young children, and affect their intelligence development and growth. Increasing the intake of iron in infants and young children’s diet and improving the eating habits of infants and young children can effectively improve infantile ischemic anemia.