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一个地区的油气层的反射振幅大小是由该区的速度和密度决定的,而这两种物性又取决于岩石的孔隙度和弹性模量。Gassmann 和 White 先后提出了不同的计算弹性模量方法。由于求取岩石骨架(孔隙中不含流体)的体积模量的办法不同,因而计算油气层速度有不同的方法。本文依据新疆克拉玛依油田的岩石物性、电测、地层、横波/纵波等参数以及不同的岩层的骨架泊松比(?),分别用多种方式计算了油层的速度,其结果非常接近,彼此相差在100m/s左右。在计算气层速度时,除了使用斯坦丁—卡茨图板求取气体压缩因子及折算气体的压缩率,最后求出天然气的弹性模量之外,还使用了特拉勃图板直接求取折算气体的压缩率。这两种图板法求得的弹性模量相差甚微。通过上述方法得到的反射系数量板与克拉玛依油田的油气层对比,可以看到油气层在地震剖面上显示为暗点。这说明上述方法及参数的选用范围都是适用的。
The amplitude of the reflection of an oil and gas layer in a region is determined by the velocity and density of the region, which in turn depend on the porosity and elastic modulus of the rock. Gassmann and White have proposed different methods of calculating elastic modulus. There are different ways to calculate the velocity of the oil and gas layers because of the different methods of determining the bulk modulus of the rock skeleton (pores do not contain fluid). Based on the petrophysical properties, electrical measurements, stratigraphy, shear wave / P-wave parameters and the skeleton Poisson’s ratio (?) Of the Karamay oilfield in Xinjiang, the oil velocities were calculated by various methods. The results are very close to each other and differ from each other About 100m / s. In the calculation of gas velocity, in addition to using the Stein-Katz plate to calculate the gas compression factor and the conversion rate of gas compression, and finally find the natural gas elastic modulus, but also the use of the direct drawing of the board Conversion of gas compression rate. The difference between the elastic moduli obtained by these two kinds of chart plates is very small. Comparing the reflection coefficient plate obtained by the above method with that of the Karamay oil field, it can be seen that the hydrocarbon layer shows a dark spot on the seismic section. This shows that the above methods and parameters of the range of options are applicable.