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生物大分子材料由于其可再生性、无毒性以及良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性和黏膜粘附性等特点成为药物载体研究的热点,尤其是将其作为纳米药物载体材料更加受人关注。本文首先对生物大分子纳米颗粒常用的制备方法——乳化法、自组装法和离子凝聚法进行了详细的介绍。由于乳化法在一定程度上破坏了生物大分子的生物相容性,因此自组装法和离子凝聚法是比较理想的制备方法。其中自组装法是利用两亲性的生物大分子,如蛋白质、多糖衍生物等在静电作用、疏水作用、范德华力等非键合作用力下组装成纳米结构;而离子凝聚法则是利用聚电解质与带相反电荷物质之间的静电作用形成纳米结构。接着本文对通过这些方法获得的生物大分子纳米颗粒作为蛋白类药物、抗癌药物以及基因药物的载体在近年来的研究进展进行了归纳和总结,结果显示其在药物缓释体系中具有广阔的应用前景。
Biomacromolecular materials have become the hotspot of drug carriers because of their reproducibility, non-toxicity, good biocompatibility, biodegradability and mucoadhesion. In particular, biomacromolecule materials are more popular as carriers of nano-drug carriers attention. In this paper, the preparation methods of biomacromolecule nanoparticles, such as emulsification method, self-assembly method and ion-coagulation method, are introduced in detail. As the emulsification method to some extent undermined the biocompatibility of biological macromolecules, self-assembly method and ion-coagulation method is an ideal preparation method. The self-assembly method is the use of amphiphilic biological macromolecules, such as proteins, polysaccharide derivatives such as electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interaction, van der Waals forces and other non-bonding force assembled into nanostructures; and ionic aggregation is the use of polyelectrolytes Electrostatics between oppositely-charged species form nanostructures. Then in this paper, the biomacromolecule nanoparticles obtained by these methods are summarized and summarized in recent years as proteinaceous drugs, anticancer drugs and carriers of gene drugs, the results show that they have a broad Application prospects.