本文尝试性地运用语用预设理论,从指称预设、语境预设、背景预设、对象预设四个方面来分析爱伦·坡的推理小说。研究坡怎样运用预设进行案情推理和组织行文。语用预设是完成“我”和大侦探杜宾之间的交际的关键,也是案情侦破过程中的纽带和线索,为读者解读侦探推理小说提供了一条有效途径。作为大众化消遣性文学作品,优秀的侦探推理小说蕴含着作者严肃的学问功底,读者从中也可以提高自己分析问题和运用语言的能力。 This paper attempts to use pragmatic presupposition theory to analyze Ellen Poe’s reasoning novels from four aspects: reference presupposition, context presupposition, background presupposition, and object presupposition. Studying how to use the default scenarios for case-based reasoning and organizational writing. The pragmatic presupposition is the key to accomplish the communication between “I” and the detective Dobbin and also the link and clue in the process of case detection. It provides an effective way for readers to interpret detective reasoning novels. As a popular recreational literature, excellent detective reasoning novels contain the author’s serious knowledge foundation, from which readers can also improve their ability to analyze problems and use language.