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人类生存每天必须消费2—3升水。而美国为维持高标准生活水平,每人大约要消耗7200升/天,其中部分直接用于个人生活和工业需要,72％的水用于粮食和能源生产。美国的西部地区水资源贫乏,奥加尔水库水位下降,柯洛莱达河流域水分亏缺,以及圣·约翰谷地水资源不足是这一威胁的征兆。水源不足还在美国东部少数地区出现。由于农业和能源生产过程需要消耗大量的水,特别是到2000年,美国计划粮食生产增加约30％,生物能源生产系统增加5—20倍,从煤和油岩中提炼混合燃料量增加2—5倍。水将成为未来能源生产的限制因素之一。本文拟将水资源短缺对未来粮食和能源生产的影响因素作一分析。
Human beings must consume 2-3 liters of water daily. In order to maintain a high standard of living, the United States consumes about 7200 liters per day, some of which are used directly for personal and industrial needs and 72% of water is used for food and energy production. Water shortages in the western United States, declining water levels in the Ordos Reservoir, water deficits in the Crolleda Valley, and inadequate water in the St. John Valley are signs of this threat. Inadequate water supply is still occurring in a few areas in the eastern United States. As agriculture and energy production process consume large amounts of water, especially by the year 2000, the United States plans to increase food production by 30% and bioenergy production systems by 5-20 times, and increase the amount of blended fuel extracted from coal and oil rock by 2- 5 times. Water will be one of the limiting factors in future energy production. This article intends to make an analysis on the factors affecting the future food and energy production in the short of water resources.