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通过3年盆栽试验,系统研究施用玉米秸秆及相关废弃物后黑土腐殖质结合形态含量及其组成的变化。结果表明,秸秆直接配施化肥(MS+NPK)、牛粪配施化肥(秸秆作为饲料养牛,CM+NPK)、菌渣配施化肥(秸秆培养食用菌,FD+NPK)3种处理的松结态腐殖质含量及其H/F比值始终显著高于对照(CK)及单施化肥(NPK),有利于增强土壤养分的供应能力。CK和NPK处理联结态腐殖质含量3年持续降低,而3种配施处理呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,更有利于联结态腐殖质的积累。各处理对土壤稳结态腐殖质及其HA、FA含量的影响无明显差异,受施肥影响较小。与CK和NPK处理相比,3种配施处理紧结态腐殖质含量逐年降低,促进土壤腐殖质的活化;同时它们的松/紧比值逐年增加,可提高腐殖质的品质。综上,玉米秸秆及相关废弃物与化肥配施能够一定程度改善土壤腐殖质结合形态含量及其组成的性质,产生良好的培肥效果,其中以秸秆、牛粪较好,菌渣次之。
Through 3-year pot experiment, the change of humus composition and its composition in black soil were studied systematically after application of corn stover and related wastes. The results showed that there were three kinds of treatments (MS + NPK), fertilizer with cow manure (straw as feed cattle, CM + NPK) and microbial fertilizer with straw and edible fungi (FD + NPK) The content of loosely-ended humus and its H / F ratio were always significantly higher than those of CK and NPK, which was beneficial to increase the supply of soil nutrients. The content of humic substance in the coupled state of CK and NPK decreased continuously for 3 years, while the three treatments showed the trend of first increased and then decreased, and more conducive to the accumulation of the linked humus. There was no significant difference in the content of soil humic soil and its HA and FA, but less affected by fertilization. Comparing with CK and NPK treatment, the content of tight junction humus decreased with the three treatments, which promoted the activation of soil humus. Meanwhile, their loose / tight ratio increased year by year, which could improve the quality of humus. In summary, corn stalks and related waste and fertilizer application to a certain extent can improve the soil humus binding morphology and its composition of the nature of the results to produce a good effect of fertilizer, of which straw, cow dung better, followed by bacteria.