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过去几十年中,人们对大气污染与死亡率曾作过多次横断面调查,以检验不同地区的大气污染水平与死亡率之间的关系。在尽量控制诸如社会经济、气候、吸烟等混杂变量后,设计了许多模式以阐明横断面调查中不同地区死亡率获得解释的方差数量。这些调查结果支持大气污染水平与死亡率之间存在因果联系的假设。本文根据美国49个城市1968～1970年的资料,进一步提供经验证据,说明死亡率不仅与大气污染水平、且与气候和社会经济因素有关。作者考虑调查大气污染对死亡率的影响时,需对多个混杂因素如社会经济、人口统计、气候以及膳食、饮酒、吸烟、运动等个人生活习惯加以控制。本文以1970年总死亡率(‰,未按年龄、性别或种族校正)作为因变
Over the past few decades, people have conducted multiple cross-sectional surveys on atmospheric pollution and mortality to test the relationship between atmospheric pollution levels and mortality in different regions. After trying to control confounding variables such as socio-economic, climate, and smoking, many models have been devised to clarify the number of variances explained by mortality in different regions in cross-sectional surveys. These findings support the hypothesis that there is a causal link between atmospheric pollution levels and mortality. Based on the data from 49 cities in the United States from 1968 to 1970, this paper further provides empirical evidence that the mortality rate is not only related to the level of atmospheric pollution, but also to climate and socio-economic factors. When the authors consider investigating the impact of atmospheric pollution on mortality, they must control multiple confounding factors such as socio-economic, demographic, climate, and personal habits such as diet, drinking, smoking, and sports. This article takes the total death rate in 1970 (‰, not adjusted for age, gender, or race) as the cause of change.