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在桩基工程中,为了确定单桩的承载能力和检验单桩的工程质量,亟需采用一种准确、快速、简便的试桩方法。非破损检验技术是当前新兴的一门学科,它主要是利用物理场、桩基结构和土的相互作用所产生的多种多样的信号,以及每个信号所包含的信患来正确识别桩的质量,作为设计和施工的依据。桩基的非破损试硷方法有以弹性波为基础应用激震器的力阻抗法、水电效应——频谱分析法、锤击产生脉冲振动的应力波法、声波法,以及超声脉冲等。锤贯试桩法所产生的贯入度直接反映了土对桩的贯入阻力的大小,是一种直接试桩的方法,其动静对比试验结果有可比性和一致性,确定的单桩承载能力是可靠的,可用以代替静载试桩法。水电效应——频谱分析法能反映打入桩的完整程度,并与静载试验的沉降量及极限荷载大体相对应。在动态测试中,如果单位时间内所接收的信息很多,这些信息需要汇集和处理,在此基础上对反映不同缺陷的信息要加强理论上的研究,并进行分类,制定一些标准和规则,以便对缺陷的位置、性质和数量做出全面的评价。现代科学技术的发展具有多学科相互渗透的特点,桩基的检验方法可充分利用断裂力学、动力学、声学的新成就,博取各法之长,提出一种同时具有可探性、准确性和高效性的检验方法,这是当前迫切需要解决的问题。
In pile foundation engineering, in order to determine the bearing capacity of a single pile and to inspect the engineering quality of a single pile, it is urgent to use an accurate, rapid and simple method of pile testing. The non-destructive inspection technology is a new emerging discipline. It mainly uses a variety of signals generated by the interaction of physical fields, pile-based structures, and soil, as well as the susceptibility of each signal to correctly identify piles. Quality, as the basis for design and construction. The non-destructive test methods for pile foundations include the use of shock wave impedance method based on elastic waves, hydropower effect—spectral analysis method, stress wave method for generating impulse vibration by hammering, acoustic wave method, and ultrasonic pulse. The penetrating degree produced by the hammer penetration test pile method directly reflects the penetration resistance of the soil to the pile, which is a method of direct test piles. The results of dynamic and static comparison test are comparable and consistent, and the determined single pile bearing capacity is determined. The capability is reliable and can be used instead of the static load test pile method. The hydropower effect—spectrum analysis method can reflect the integrity of the driven piles, and roughly corresponds to the settling amount and ultimate load of the static load test. In the dynamic test, if there is a lot of information received in a unit of time, this information needs to be collected and processed. Based on this, it is necessary to strengthen the theoretical research on the information that reflects different defects, and to classify and formulate some standards and rules. Comprehensive assessment of the location, nature and quantity of defects. The development of modern science and technology has the characteristics of interpenetration of multiple disciplines. The testing method for pile foundations can make full use of new achievements in fracture mechanics, dynamics, and acoustics, gain the longevity of each method, and propose a method that is both exploratory and accurate. The test method for high efficiency is an urgent problem that needs to be solved.