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胰岛素受体底物(insulin receptor substrates,IRSs)家族是胰岛素受体(insulin receptor,IR)、胰岛素样生长因子-1受体(insulin like growth-1 receptor,IGF-1R)酪氨酸蛋白激酶的主要细胞内底物,主要介导细胞对胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子-1、白介素、干扰素、肿瘤坏死因子等多种细胞因子的反应。作为结合蛋白,它们通过连接并传递从上游的激活子到下游的效应器之间的信号,从而调节细胞正常的生长、代谢、生存与分化。在胰岛素受体底物家族接受并应答的众多细胞外信号中,大部分是与乳腺发育相关的关键信号,该蛋白在乳腺细胞中的表达是否正常决定乳腺细胞是正常发育还是恶性转化。
Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are a family of insulin receptor (IR), insulin like growth-1 receptor (IGF-1R) tyrosine protein kinases The major intracellular substrate that mediates cellular responses to various cytokines such as insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, interleukins, interferons, and tumor necrosis factor. As binding proteins, they regulate the normal growth, metabolism, survival and differentiation of cells by connecting and transferring signals from upstream activators to downstream effectors. Most of the extracellular signals accepted and responded to by the insulin receptor substrate family are the key signals related to mammary gland development. The normal expression of the protein in breast cells determines whether the breast cells are normally or malignantly transformed.