①目的了解新疆４个民族学生营养状况及民族、城乡间的差异。②方法随机抽取新疆维吾尔自治区维吾尔族（维族），汉族，哈萨克族（哈族），柯尔克孜族（柯族）学生１８９８２名，按《全国学生体质健康调查研究》手册要求进行体格测量和营养状况评价。③结果４个民族男女学生中除汉族外营养不良率存在明显的民族差异（Ｈｃ＝３１６．０５～４７５．８７，Ｐ均＜０．０１）。营养不良率依次为维族＞哈族＞柯族。维、汉、哈族学生营养不良率女生均大于男生（χ２＝１９．７０～１３５．４１，Ｐ均＜０．０１）。维族学生营养不良率城市大于乡村（χ２＝６．７８，Ｐ＜０．０１）。维、汉族学生各度营养不良中学阶段大于小学阶段和大学阶段（Ｈｃ＝１６１．５７，Ｐ＜０．０１）。哈族学生小学阶段大于中学阶段（Ｈｃ＝１９．１０，Ｐ＜０．０１）。柯族学生在不同的学习阶段无明显的差异。④结论新疆不同民族学生营养不良状况存在明显差异 ①Objectives To understand the nutritional status of four ethnic minority students in Xinjiang and the differences among ethnic groups, urban and rural areas. Methods 18982 Uighur (Uygur), Han, Kazak (Kazak) and Kirgiz (Ko) students were randomly selected from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Physical measurement and nutritional status evaluation were conducted according to the “National Student Physique Health Survey” manual . Results There were significant ethnic differences in malnutrition rates among Han and Han nationality boys and girls (Hc = 316.05-475.87, P <0.01). The rates of malnutrition were Uygur> Ha ethnic> Ko ethnic. The prevalence of malnutrition rates among students from Victoria, Han and Ha ethnic groups was higher than that of boys (χ2 = 19.70-135.41, P <0.01). Uyghur students malnutrition rate in urban areas than in rural areas (χ2 = 6.78, P <0.01). The level of malnutrition in Victoria and Han nationality students in secondary school was higher than primary school and college (Hc = 161.57, P <0.01). Kazakh primary school stage than secondary school (Hc = 19.10, P <0.01). There are no obvious differences between the students of khmer in different stages of learning. ④ Conclusion There are significant differences in malnutrition status among different ethnic groups in Xinjiang