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土司制度是中国古代中央政府对边疆少数民族采取的一种特有的统治方式。它是在统一的国家内,由于边疆地区特殊的政治经济文化,而对其采用的一种符合本民族地区实际的管理模式。自古以来,每一个王朝在草创时期,对整个边疆少数民族地区基本上以“羁縻政策”为主。待到大局已定、国力殷实之后,便从稳定边疆局势的实际出发,设法推行边疆与内地一致的政治体制。清末川边改土归流,就是清朝中央政府为了加强对四川边地的统治力度所采取的一种政治体制改革,它是国家在内忧外患的困境之中所采取的非常手段,带有历史的偶然性和必然性。
Tusi system is a peculiar rule adopted by the ancient Chinese central government for the ethnic minorities in frontier areas. It is a kind of management mode in line with the actual management of the ethnic areas in the unified country because of the special political economy and culture of the border areas. Since ancient times, every dynasty in the grassroots period, the entire border areas inhabited by ethnic minorities are basically dominated by “policy”. After the overall situation has been settled and the national strength is affluent, we will proceed from the reality of stabilizing the situation in frontier areas and try our best to promote a political system that is consistent across the border and the Mainland. In the late Qing Dynasty, the improvement of the Chuan border was a political system reform adopted by the Central Government of the Qing Dynasty in order to strengthen the rule over the Sichuan border. It was an extraordinary measure taken by the state in the plight of the internal and external disturbances, with historical Incident and necessity.