目的转化生长因子－β１（ＴＧＦβ１）在细胞生长的负性调节上有重要作用，是肝细胞生长和增殖的强抑制物但肝癌（ＨＣＣ）患者肝组织中ＴＧＦβ１ｍＲＮＡ表达高．现检测ＨＣＣ患者外周血中ＴＧＦβ１ｍＲＮＡ表达，血清ＴＧＦβ１水平，以及肝组织中ＴＧＦβⅡ型受体（ＴＧＦβＲⅡ）的表达．方法ＨＣＣ患者外周血分离单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ），提取总ＲＮＡ，用反转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴＰＣＲ）技术扩增ＴＧＦβ１ｍＲＮＡ．血清ＴＧＦβ１水平测定用Ｐｒｏｍｅｇａ公司产的试剂盒．肝组织ＴＧＦβＲⅡ表达的分析用原位杂交法．结果ＨＣＣ患者２０例ＰＢＭＣＴＧＦβ１ｍＲＮＡ用ＲＴＰＣＲ检测阳性率达７０％，对照组阴性．ＨＣＣ患者４０例血清ＴＧＦβ１水平（２７５８ｍｇ／Ｌ±８１０ｍｇ／Ｌ）明显高于对照组（８２７ｍｇ／Ｌ±３７２ｍｇ／Ｌ）．原位杂交表明，ＴＧＦβＲⅡ在ＨＣＣ细胞的胞质中有弱表达．结论ＨＣＣ患者ＴＧＦβ１基因在转录水平和翻译水平上均显示表达增强．ＰＢＭＣ有可能代替肝组织用以检测ＴＧＦβ１ｍＲＮＡ的表达应用于基础与临床的研究． Objective Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays an important role in the negative regulation of cell growth and is a strong inhibitor of hepatocyte growth and proliferation. However, the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA in liver tissue of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is high. The expression of TGFβ1 mRNA, serum TGFβ1 and the expression of TGFβII receptor (TGFβRII) in the liver tissue were detected in HCC patients. Methods Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from HCC patients and total RNA was extracted. TGFβ1mRNA was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Serum TGF ß 1 levels were measured using Promega’s kit. Liver tissue TGF  β  RII expression analysis using in situ hybridization. Results The positive rates of PBMC TGF  β1 mRNA detected by RT  PCR in 20 patients with HCC were 70% and negative in the control group. The serum levels of TGF-β1 in 40 patients with HCC (2758mg/L±810mg/L) were significantly higher than those in the control group (827mg/L±372mg/L). In situ hybridization showed that TGF-βRII was weakly expressed in the cytoplasm of HCC cells. Conclusion The expression of TGF  β1 gene in HCC patients showed increased expression both at transcription level and translation level. PBMC may be used in basic and clinical research in place of liver tissue to detect the expression of TGF β 1mR NA.