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目的对坑道储水污染状况进行评价,并提出系列防护措施,为战时或特殊情况下人员进驻提供科学依据。方法 对32个坑道储水的物理、化学、毒理、细菌、真菌、真菌菌株及真菌毒素,按照生活饮用水标准检验法进行检测。结果大部分储水水面漂浮有不同程度的真菌斑膜;化学和毒理学指标基本符合卫生标准;全部样本均未检出余氯,细菌总数合格率为4.8%;储水真菌数为252.3~1 345.6 cfu/ml,平均975.5 cfu/ml;对真菌菌株进行鉴定,主要为青霉、曲霉。结论坑道内环境、水库结构、储存时间对储水的化学和毒理学指标基本无影响;细菌学指标合格率低,真菌污染严重;储水污染的主要原因是未采取系列消毒措施;坑道空气中的大量真菌是储水的主要污染源;直接饮用未经消毒或消毒不完全的污染水,对人员健康构成威胁,应采取系列改善措施。
Objective To evaluate the status of water pollution in tunnels and put forward a series of protective measures to provide a scientific basis for stationing personnel in wartime or special circumstances. Methods The physical, chemical, toxicological, bacterial, fungal, fungal strains and mycotoxins in 32 tunnels were tested according to the Standard Test Method for Domestic Drinking Water. Results Most of the storage water floated with different degrees of fungal plaque. The chemical and toxicological indexes basically met the health standards. All the samples were free of residual chlorine and the total number of bacteria was 4.8%. The number of water-storing fungi was 252.3-1 345.6 cfu / ml, an average of 975.5 cfu / ml; fungal strains identified, mainly Penicillium, Aspergillus. Conclusion The environment of tunnel, reservoir structure and storage time have little effect on the chemical and toxicological indexes of water storage. The qualified rate of bacteriological indicators is low and the fungal pollution is serious. The main reason of water storage pollution is that no series of disinfection measures are taken; Of the large number of fungi is the main source of water storage; direct drinking without disinfection or disinfection of contaminated water incomplete, constitute a threat to the health of people, should take a series of improvement measures.