材料是一切事物的物质基础。从科学技术发展的历史看 ,三种崭新技术的实现 ,往往需要崭新材料的支持。从结构上分 ,现有固体材料可分为晶态和非晶态两大类。玻璃等属于非晶态材料。而金属则是晶态材料 ,它们由许多晶粒组成 ,在晶粒内部 ,原子按严格规则成点阵排列 ,就像列成方 Material is the material basis of everything. From the history of science and technology development, the realization of three new technologies often requires the support of new materials. From the structural point, the existing solid materials can be divided into two categories of crystalline and amorphous. Glass and other materials are amorphous. The metal is a crystalline material, which consists of many grains, within the grain, atoms arranged in strict accordance with the lattice rules, as columns into a square