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背景 2010年北京市政府颁布了一项旨在提高老年居民生活质量和主观幸福度的政策,其中包括了关注精神卫生的内容。目的在北京市西城区老年居民样本中确定与主观幸福度有关的因素。方法通过随机分层整群抽样,在北京市西城区2342名60～80岁的老年居民中进行了自评式横断面调查。采用中文版纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表(Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness,MUNSH)评定幸福度。采用自编问卷收集样本人群详细的社会经济学资料。采用中文版社会支持评定量表(Social Support Rating Scale ,SSRS)、焦虑自评量表(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, SAS)和抑郁自评量表(Self-Rating Depression Scale,SDS)评定样本人群的社会支持、焦虑和抑郁。结果在2342名参加研究的老年人中,1616人(69%)的幸福度总分≥32分,提示幸福程度较高;423人(18.1%)的SSRS总分≤32分,提示获得的社会支持较少;201人(8.6%)的SDS总分≥53,提示有明显抑郁;126人(5.3%)的SAS总分≥50,提示有明显焦虑。多元回归分析发现自我报告的抑郁程度是与幸福度相关的最重要的因素。焦虑、社会支持、收入水平、家庭关系的质量、自我调节情绪的能力和定期锻炼也与幸福度显著相关;但性别、婚姻状况、年龄和受教育程度与幸福度无关。结论在北京的老年城市居民中,自我报告的主观幸福度低与抑郁和焦虑症状有关,也与社会支持、收入水平和家庭关系等社会因素有关。需要进行前瞻性研究以确定这些变量之间的因果关系,并在此基础上制订针对性的干预措施,来提高社区老年人的生活质量和幸福度。
Background In 2010, the Beijing municipal government promulgated a policy aimed at improving the quality of life and the subjective well-being of the elderly residents, including a focus on mental health. Objective To determine the factors related to subjective well-being in the sample of elderly residents in Xicheng District, Beijing. Methods By random stratified cluster sampling, a self-assessment cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2342 elderly residents aged 60 to 80 in Xicheng District of Beijing. Happiness was assessed using the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH). Use the self-compiled questionnaire to collect detailed socio-economic data of the sample population. The Chinese version of the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to assess the sample population Social support, anxiety and depression. Results Among 2342 elderly people participating in the study, 1616 (69%) had a total score of ≧ 32 points in happiness, suggesting a higher level of happiness; 423 (18.1%) had a SSRS score ≤32 points, suggesting that the acquired society Supportive less; 201 (8.6%) SDS score ≥53, suggesting significant depression; 126 (5.3%) SAS score ≥50, suggesting significant anxiety. Multiple regression analysis found that self-reported depression was the most important factor related to happiness. Anxiety, social support, income levels, the quality of family relationships, self-regulating moods and regular exercise were also significantly associated with well-being; however, gender, marital status, age, and education did not correlate with well-being. Conclusion Among the elderly urban residents in Beijing, self-reported subjective well-being was related to symptoms of depression and anxiety, and also to social factors such as social support, income level and family relations. Prospective studies are needed to determine the causal relationship between these variables and, on that basis, to develop targeted interventions to improve the quality of life and well-being of the elderly in the community.