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一、美国研究开发投资的结构科技进步是推动产业经济发展的主要手段和动力,目前,技术创新已成为社会进步最强大的动力。美国经济学家认为,促进生产率增长最重要的因素是技术创新。据估计,当前以技术为基础的行业产值约占美国国民生产总值的50%,这一比例比20年前增长了1倍。在国际竞争中高技术产业是一个重要的方面。目前美国高技术产业在国际竞争中仍拥有相当的竞争优势,但其领先地位正在迅速削弱,有些重要领域已丧失竞争能力。今后高技术的优势将决定于开发和掌握下一代先进产品的技术,美国在这方面的科技潜力的绝对指标几乎是日本和西欧各国的总和,在高技术领域内美国拥有雄厚的潜力。
I. The Structure of Research and Development Investment in the United States Progress in science and technology is the primary means and motivation for promoting industrial economic development. At present, technological innovation has become the most powerful impetus for social progress. According to U.S. economists, the most important factor for boosting productivity growth is technological innovation. It is estimated that the current technology-based industry accounts for about 50% of the U.S. gross national product, a figure that is double that of 20 years ago. High-tech industries are an important aspect in international competition. At present, the U.S. high-tech industry still enjoys considerable competitive advantages in international competition. However, its leading position is rapidly weakening. Some important areas have lost their competitiveness. In the future, the advantages of high technology will depend on the technology for developing and mastering the next generation of advanced products. The absolute target of the U.S. scientific and technological potential in this regard is almost the sum of all the countries in Japan and Western Europe and the United States has great potential in the field of high technology.