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海洋卫星是地球观测卫星的一种,它兼有海洋和陆地两种观测任务。1977年6月美国宇航局发射了第一颗海洋卫星(SEASAT),卫星轨道为800公里高度的近极轨道,其主要传感器是L波段的合成孔径雷达系统。该星除以海洋为主要观测目标外,还收集了大量北美、欧洲以及部分中美洲地区的实况数据。经过初步应用证明,海洋卫星数据对于环境、地质、农业以及土地利用调查也有其独特的效果。目前许多国家都在研制开发海洋卫星。日本已于1987年2月19日由种子岛宇宙中心用N-Ⅱ火箭首次成功发射了海洋观测卫星1号(MOS-1),
Marine satellites are one of the Earth observation satellites that combine both ocean and land-based observation missions. In July 1977, NASA launched its first maritime satellite (SEASAT), which is a nearly polar orbit at a depth of 800 kilometers. Its main sensor is the L-band synthetic aperture radar system. Apart from the ocean as the main observation target, the star also collected a large amount of live data from North America, Europe and parts of Central America. After preliminary application, marine satellite data have unique effects on environmental, geological, agricultural and land-use surveys. At present, many countries are developing marine satellites. Japan successfully launched Ocean Observation Satellite No. 1 (MOS-1) with N-II rockets from Tanegashima Cosmos Center on February 19, 1987,