20 0 1年 1 2月开展口服脊髓灰质炎 (脊灰 )疫苗 (OPV)强化免疫活动后 ,在中国云南省的 5个市场对 1 64名 0～ 3岁的儿童进行了接种率调查。结果显示 :1 54名 (93 9% )儿童接受了本次的强化免疫 ,零剂次免疫儿童数为 2 9人 (1 7 7% ) ,31名儿童 (1 8 9% )未接受过常规免疫服务。流动人口既往OPV强化免疫和常规免疫接种率低于常住人口 (强化免疫 :Fisher′sexacttest,P =0 0 4 4 ;常规免疫 :Fisher′sexacttest,P =0 0 1 8)。在流动人口中无暂住证人口本次强化免疫、既往OPV强化免疫及常规免疫的接种率低于有暂住证人口 (SNIDs:Fisher’sexacttest,P =0 0 4 7;OPV :χ2 =6 753 ,P =0 0 0 9;常规免疫 :χ2 =5 62 2 ,P =0 0 1 8)。≥ 2岁儿童既往OPV的接种率高于 1岁儿童 (Fisher’sexacttest,p =0 0 0 6)。未接种原因有“不知预防接种必要性”、发热等轻度疾病、不能承担接种费用、到接种点的距离等。为提高接种率 ,需要对流动人口尤其是无暂住证的人口采取对策 ,对居民特别是流动人口的信息、教育和传播 (IEC)以及接种禁忌证再讨论 In January 2010, a survey of 164 children aged 0-3 years was conducted in five markets in Yunnan Province, China, following the OPV boosting campaign. The results showed that 1 54 (93.9%) children received this intensive immunization. The number of children receiving zero-dose immunization was 29 (177%) and 31 children (1.89%) did not receive conventional Immune service. Past OPV immunization and routine immunization coverage rates for migrants were lower than those for permanent residents (Intensive Immunization: Fisher’sexacttest, P = 0 0 4 4; Routine Immunization: Fisher’sexacttest, P = 0.081). In the floating population, the population with no temporary residence permits had a lower immunization rate than those with temporary residence permit (SNIDs: Fisher’sexacttest, P = 0 047; OPV: χ2 = 6 753, P = 0 0 0 9; routine immunization: χ 2 = 5 62 2, P = 0 0 1 8). The prevalence of previous OPVs in children ≥ 2 years of age was higher than in children aged 1 year (Fisher’sexacttest, p = 0.006). Unvaccinated reasons include “I do not know the need for vaccination”, fever and other mild diseases, can not afford vaccination costs, to the point of vaccination and so on. In order to increase the vaccination rate, measures should be taken for migrants, especially those without a temporary residence permit, to discuss again the information, education and communication (IEC) of residents, especially the floating population, and vaccination contraindications