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利用对芳香碳有高选择性转化能力的钌离子催化氧化法研究了减压渣油中轻、中、重胶质和戊烷沥青质的化学结构，定量测定了与芳香环相连的正构烷基侧链和桥链的分布，并讨论了芳香环系的缩合型式。结果表明， 这些石油重质组分中均存在碳数为Ｃ１ ～Ｃ３０ 的与芳香环相连的正构烷基侧链， 其摩尔浓度随链长的增加而下降；也存在由正构烷基桥连接的至少具有两个芳香环系的芳香性分子；在芳香结构中存在着渺位缩合、迫位缩合以及联苯型结构， 其中联苯型结构较少； 从轻胶质、重胶质到戊烷沥青质， 与芳香环相连的正构烷基侧链浓度有所下降，迫位缩合的芳香环系结构增加；戊烷沥青质中以迫位缩合的芳香环系结构为主，胶质组分中渺位缩合与迫位缩合的芳香环系结构各占相当比例。不同油源的胶质、戊烷沥青质在与芳香碳相连的正构烷基侧链的分布以及芳香环系的缩合程度方面表现出一些差别。
The chemical structure of light, medium, heavy and pentane asphaltenes in vacuum residue was studied by ruthenium ion catalytic oxidation method with high selective conversion to aromatic carbon. The n-alkanes The distribution of the side chain and the bridge is discussed and the condensation pattern of the aromatic ring system is discussed. The results showed that all the heavier components of petroleum had n-alkyl side chains with carbon number of C1 ~ C30 connected with aromatic ring, the molar concentration decreased with the increase of chain length. There are at least two aromatic aromatic ring-connected aromatic molecules in the aromatic structure; there exists a valence condensation, forced condensation and biphenyl type structure, biphenyl type structure is less; from light gum, heavy gum to Pentane asphaltenes, the concentration of n-alkyl side chains attached to the aromatic rings decreased, and the aromatic ring structure of the condensed-on-site aromatic rings increased. In pentane asphaltenes, Aromatic ring ring structure of the components of condensation and forced condensation of each occupy a considerable proportion. Gums from different oils, pentane asphaltenes exhibit some differences in the distribution of normal-alkyl side chains attached to aromatic carbons and the degree of condensation of aromatic ring systems.