由于地质和地理条件的特殊性，沿海地区生态环境极其脆弱和敏感。水资源短缺、水环境污染、海水入侵、地面沉降、生态环境退化和海平面上升，已构成我国沿海地区实现可持续发展战略面临的重大资源和环境问题。水资源和生态环境的持续利用，已成为我国沿海地区一项极其重要的战略任务。根据可持续发展理论，通过建立适应水资源持续利用的管理体制、政策和运行机制，采取生态环境可持续保护策略，可完全达到水资源和生态环境的持续利用，并有效实现中国沿海地区资源、环境与经济、社会的有机协调及经济、社会的持续、稳定、健康发展 Due to the special geological and geographical conditions, the ecological environment in the coastal areas is extremely vulnerable and sensitive. Shortages of water resources, water pollution, seawater intrusion, land subsidence, degradation of the ecological environment and rising sea levels have constituted major resources and environmental problems facing the realization of the strategy of sustainable development in China’s coastal areas. The continuous use of water resources and ecological environment has become an extremely important strategic task for China’s coastal areas. According to the theory of sustainable development, through the establishment of a management system, policy and operation mechanism that adapts to the sustainable utilization of water resources, the strategy of sustainable ecological environment protection can fully achieve the sustainable utilization of water resources and ecological environment and effectively realize the sustainable development of resources, Environment and Economy, Organic Coordination of Society and Sustained, Stable and Healthy Development of Economy and Society