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目的子宫颈癌的高危因素较多,大体可归纳为三大类—生物学因素:如高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染是宫颈癌发病的主要诱因;行为因素:如性生活过早、多个性伴侣、多孕多产、经济地位低下等;遗传因素:如家族性肿瘤病史。原发子宫颈浸润癌主要包括宫颈鳞癌(约占70%)和宫颈腺癌(约占20%)。宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)是癌前病变,根据不典型增生细胞在鳞状上皮内所占的范围分为轻度(CINⅠ)、中度(CINⅡ)、重度(CINⅢ)3个级别。CINⅡ、Ⅲ分别是浸润性宫颈鳞癌和宫颈腺癌的直接前期病变,而CINⅡ、Ⅲ级病变的转癌率可达到70%以上。早诊是指通过筛查发现宫颈癌前病变(≥CINⅡ);早期治疗是指对上述宫颈癌前病变进行的相应治疗。有效筛查和早期干预可以对宫颈癌前病变进行阻断性治疗,防止其向宫颈癌转变,并且可以拯救患者的生命,减少病痛,为患者和社会减少很大一部分医疗费用。
The purpose of cervical cancer more risk factors, generally can be grouped into three categories - biological factors: such as high-risk type of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer; behavioral factors: such as premature sexual life, Multiple sexual partners, prolific pregnancy, low economic status, etc .; genetic factors: such as a history of familial tumors. Primary invasive cervical cancer include cervical squamous cell carcinoma (about 70%) and cervical adenocarcinoma (about 20%). Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precancerous lesion, which is divided into three grades of mild grade (CINⅠ), moderate grade (CINⅡ) and severe grade (CINⅢ) according to the range of atypical hyperplasia cells in squamous epithelium. CIN Ⅱ, Ⅲ are invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma direct precancerous lesions, and CIN Ⅱ, Ⅲ grade lesions of cancer rate can reach more than 70%. Early diagnosis refers to the detection of cervical precancerous lesions (≥CIN Ⅱ); early treatment refers to the corresponding treatment of cervical precancerous lesions. Effective screening and early intervention can block the precancerous lesions of the cervix and prevent their transformation to cervical cancer, and can save the lives of patients, reduce the pain and reduce a large part of the medical costs for patients and society.