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冶金、化工厂的原料堆场及仓库、机械制造厂铸工车间及露天栈桥,以及粮盐糖仓库,由于大面积地面堆载,经常引起建筑物的破坏,柱墙开裂、地坪下沉及地下管道损坏,桥式吊车产生滑车和卡轨现象,影响安全生产,严重者致使厂房报废,造成停产。所以探讨在软土地区大面积荷载工程的有关合理而经济的技术措施乃是当前工业建筑中一个非常迫切和有现实意义的问题。大面积堆载下地基如出现过量的沉降不易补救,所以在一定程度上引起人们疑惧心理,同时,由于对具有大面积地面荷载的地基沉降特性,至今还未被人们普遍掌握,致使有的部门对结构和地基的设计和处理带有一定的盲目性,采取的措施还不尽完善,工程事故仍时有发生。虽然,大面积堆载工程事故繁多,但也不是所有工程都需进行地基处理和打桩,应以土质而异。从研究大面积堆载下地基沉降的特性及对厂房柱基和上部结构入手,在工程实践的基础上提出天然地基容许的地面堆载值,并对结构及地基基础提出一系列相应的计算假定和方法,如柱间空间作用,合理的地基沉降计算,加强厂房空间刚度,在柱变截面处加筋,在基础内边缘打板桩等必要的结构处理措施等。实践证明,采用这套实用计算法,可保证地基基础和上部结构的共同工作以及建筑物的安全使用,收到合理、可靠、经济的效果。
Metallurgy and chemical plant raw material yards and warehouses, machinery manufacturing plant casting workshops and open-air trestle bridges, and grain, salt and sugar warehouses, due to large-area ground piles, often cause damage to buildings, cracking of columns and walls, floor sinking and underground Pipeline damage, bridge cranes produce pulleys and rails, affecting the safety of production, in serious cases caused the plant scrapped, resulting in production suspension. Therefore, it is a very urgent and practical issue in current industrial buildings to explore the reasonable and economical technical measures for large-area load engineering in soft soil areas. It is difficult to remedy the problem of excessive settlement caused by large-area surfacing. Therefore, it has caused people’s misgivings to a certain extent. At the same time, due to the settlement characteristics of ground with a large surface load, it has not yet been generally grasped by people, resulting in some departments. The design and treatment of structures and foundations have a certain degree of blindness, and the measures taken are not perfect, and engineering accidents still occur from time to time. Although there are many accidents involving large-area loading projects, not all projects require ground treatment and piling, and they should be different by soil quality. From the study of the characteristics of ground settlement under large-surface load and the start of the plant base and superstructure, the authors proposed the allowable ground surcharge value of the natural foundation on the basis of engineering practice, and proposed a series of corresponding calculation assumptions for the structure and foundation. And methods, such as the role of inter-column space, reasonable calculation of foundation settlement, strengthening the space rigidity of the plant, reinforcing the column at the variable cross section, and playing the necessary structural treatment measures such as sheet piles at the inner edge of the foundation. Practice has proved that using this practical calculation method can ensure that the foundation work and the superstructure work together and the safe use of the building, and receive reasonable, reliable and economical results.